If the initial stressed syllable in a line is preceded by an unstressed syllable (as in the third line of Examples 24 and 39), this syllable is analyzed as extra-metrical, an anacrusis ( forliður), 58 set off from the rest of the line by the symbol. (3) a stressed syllable with two following unstressed syllables ( þríliður), i.e., a dactyl).
(2) a stressed syllable and a following unstressed syllable ( hnígandi or réttur tvíliður ), i.e., a trochee this is by far the commonest type of foot in modern Icelandic verse and (1) a stressed syllable standing by itself ( einliður or stúfur), as in the last feet of the odd lines in Examples 38 and 39 56 The metrical units or "feet" ( bragliðir or kveður) that constitute these lines are then analyzed as being of three kinds: The traditional prosodic analysis of modern Icelandic verse starts from the theoretical assumption that all lines begin with a stressed syllable ( áhersluatkvæði). The traditional Icelandic prosodist sees things this way (the symbol ┃ indicates divisions between metrical feet): It is based on the assumption that the language - and much of the verse written in it - exhibits a falling rhythm. The system of scansion used in analyzing modern Icelandic stanzaic verse is an artificial one, like all systems of scansion. 54 Icelandic is not an "iambic" language: it contains almost no disyllabic words that have their main stress on the second syllable. This may well reflect fundamental differences in speech rhythm between the two languages.
Examples of scansion series#
The rhythm of English traditional poetry since the time of Chaucer tends to be iambic, i.e., based upon a series of rising pitch-stress patterns ( ⏑ / ⏑ / etc.), whereas the rhythm ( hrynjandi) of much modern Icelandic poetry exhibits a trochaic or falling pattern ( / ⏑ / ⏑ etc.).
The Scansion of Lines of Modern Icelandic Stanzaic Verse Formal Features of Jónas Hallgrímsson's PoetryĪnd the Present Verse Translations Appendix A
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